
(Photo Source: Kayce’s Grandma)
When we skip meals, eat extra meals, or eat breakfast at dinner time (pancakes, bacon, eggs), or dinner for breakfast (cold pizza or chicken), we feel edgy and criminal. “Three meals a day” is almost like a law or Bible phrase.
But it’s what our culture designed.
People all over the world, even in North America, have not always eaten three meals a day.
New studies explore the health effects of eating three meals a day.
US Department of Agriculture found that eating only one big meal a day instead of three regular-sized meals lowers weight and body fat but raises blood pressure. Three meals per day lowers blood pressure, but increases weight and body fat.
National Institute on Aging study found that eating one big meal a day instead of three, raises insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.
A University of Maastricht (Dutch) study found that eating at least four small meals daily reduces obesity risk by 45%. This study also found that people who skip breakfast are five times as likely to become obese as people who regularly eat breakfast.
But a University of Ottawa study found that eating many small meals doesn’t promote weight loss. So did a French National Center for Scientific Research study, which trashed “grazing”.
A UC Berkeley study found that “alternate-day fasting” — feasting one day, fasting the next, might decrease the risk of heart disease and cancer. **Stunnazine disagrees with this because of first hand experience with ancestors who have lived this way for many decades and in a family of seven, five had developed cancer in later years. They may be right about decreasing heart disease, however.
Researching the effects of meal frequency is difficult, because it involves so many things: nutritional content, time of day eating happens, exercise, genetics, etc.
“There is no biological reason for eating three meals a day,”
Yale University professor Paul Freedman, editor of Food: The History of Taste (University of California Press, 2007), says that eating three big meals is totally not necessary.
The number of meals eaten per day, along with the standard hour and fare for each, “are cultural patterns no different from how close you stand when talking to people or what you do with your body as you speak. Human beings are predictable and like to be comfortable. They have become comfortable with the idea of eating three meals a day,” Freedman says.
For most of history, meal times changed quite a bit.
Some days people ate, and other days they did not. For example, “a medieval European peasant would start the morning with ale or bread, then bring some kind of food to the fields (where he worked) and have a large meal sometime in the afternoon,” Freedman says. “He might have what he called ‘dinner’ at 2 in the afternoon or 6 in the evening, or later”, depending on his work, the season and other factors.
“He wouldn’t have a large evening meal. He would just grab something small, easy, and quick.”
Our Ancestors Didn’t Do It!
Stunnazine editor-in-chief, Kayce’s grandfather came from a family where in the 1930′s and 40′s, food was scarce and the family would typically eat a handful of blueberries for dinner some nights, and other nights a large chicken with mashed potatoes. In the 1950′s and 60′s when her grandparents were married, everyone had a small breakfast (usually toast or a bowl of porridge), and the women spent the day cooking a big lunch to take out to their husbands who worked all day on the field. Dinner could be anywhere from 4pm – midnight depending on the season and length of time they had to work that day. Dinner was usually small; soup or a sandwich.
Food for earlier humans tended to be eaten in daylight; not because eating earlier was considered healthier, but because cooking, consuming and cleaning up is difficult in the dark or by firelight.
Rich People Ate After Dark
“People who were not rich tried to get all their meals eaten before dark. After electricity was discovered, initially only the rich could afford it,” Freedman says. “From that point onward, one mark of being rich became how late you ate. Eating way after dark because you could afford electric lights was a mark of high status, urbanity and class.”
Eating late, or at random times, or more or less than three times daily was usually because of work schedules and traditional family life.
Throughout most of the 20th century, most workers could eat only at specific times.
“When that factory whistle blew at five o’clock, it was time to go home and be fed. But now all kinds of Americans are eating later than five because they work longer hours than they used to, or because their hours are now more flexible. We are losing the three-meals-a-day tradition, thanks to eating throughout the day, different members of a household having different schedules, and to the fact that the kids might not want to eat what their parents are eating.”
Humans are Natural Hunters and Gatherers
This is a good thing, since studies have shown that eating when you can, and eating smaller meals more frequently is healthier (since humans are natural hunters and gatherers). But the three-meals a day tradition is also being fought by the food industry.
“The food industry wants you to buy more food,” so it urges us to eat as much and as often as possible. It’s an easy sell because Americans have always liked snacks.
A snack boom began in the mid-20th century and hasn’t stopped. Thriving through a wrecked economy, the global snack industry is predicted to be worth $330 billion by 2015. In the US alone, retail sales of packaged snacks increased from $56 billion to $64 billion between 2006 and 2010, and are expected to reach $77 billion by 2015.
So, while advertisements showing families sitting down to eat a fun, family dinner with tacos, pizza, or hamburger helper, or a snack commercial with fun snacks (like pizza bites) aimed at teenagers or kids, remember that is just what the Food Industry wants us to do, because it means more money for them. It has nothing to do with what humans are actually supposed to do.
Author: Kayce, Editor, Stunnazine.com